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After drafting your paper, you need to review it carefully. The review process is divided into three steps: revise, edit and proofread. This Resource Page will help you understand the differences between revising, editing, and proofreading and apply these different techniques to your writing process.

Once you have done your research and have developed ideas for you paper, it's time to start writing! This Resource Page shows you how to draft research papers and literature reviews following a three-step process.

In academic writing, ideas must stick together logically (cohesion) and make sense as a whole (coherence). This Resource Page will help you write logical and smooth connections between ideas. 

Academic writing is a type of formal conversation where you need to engage your readers by telling them what you will do in your paper and its sections, how you will organize the content, and what you have done in previous sections. This is called Signposting, and with this Resource Page you will learn how to use it in your papers.

There are several strategies for writing paragraphs depending on writing purpose, text type, and writer's preferences. In this Resource Page you will find some common strategies to organize ideas and draft paragraphs.

Summarizing is the process of condensing a longer piece of text into a shorter version while retaining its essential meaning and main points. This Resource Page will help you create concise and coherent summaries and understand how to use summarization in your research and academic writing.

Paraphrasing is a fundamental skill in academic writing to express others’ ideas while maintaining originality and ensuring ethical writing practices. This Resource Page will help you understand what paraphrasing means and how to effectively paraphrase.

Advice on Academic Writing is a website of resources with practical tips and strategies on academic writing created by UofT writing advisors.